pronouns - Use of "it" and "its" for people and animals


Can I use it and its for people?


Example:



The fear is the essential attribute of a human nature. It figures a crucial role in its survival.



where its means human's.


Can I use it and its for animals?



Answer



This is probably better:



Fear is an essential attribute of human nature. It plays a crucial role in their survival.



It is not generally considered appropriate for humans. We use he, she, etc. It implies that the human in question is an object, or has no gender (which is generally considered offensive).


As far as animals go, it and its are fine.



The beaver, commonly known for its ability to cut down trees, is known as a national symbol of Canada. It was regarded as valuable (for its hide) many years ago.



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