word usage - Lanthanum vs lanthanium


All lanthanides except for lanthanum have suffix "-ium". Why lanthanum is so special, and why this particular word form has been considered canonical? Is using of "lanthanium" these days allowed, or it's forbidden?


It looks like in 19th century both forms were utilized, but since 1900..1910 "lanthanium" vanished from the grid:


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In 20th century only few authors ever used "lanthanium", e.g. some recent publications also include "lanthanium", but it is rather an exception than a rule. In the other hand, I haven't discovered any IUPAC rules explicitly declaring "lanthanium" as a word to be avoided.


There are also related topics on English.SE (Suffix ‘-ium’ vs. ‘-um’) and Chemistry.SE (Why do the names of most chemical elements end with -um or -ium?), but neither provides a distinct answer.



Answer



I doubt that it is possible to say why lanthanum won out as the standard name. However, lanthanium is not necessarily a mistake. It was one of several names used for the element, which was discovered in 1839 – well before the establishment of IUPAC in 1919 and naming of the lanthanides in 1925, and even before the development of the periodic table in 1869.


The discovery of lanthanum was first announced in French in the Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences. The name given by Mosander, from the Ancient Greek λανθάνειν (lanthanein), was reported as Lantane. It is still known as lanthane in French today. When the discovery was reported in Philosophical Letters later that year the name was translated as Latanium.


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