grammar - Participial as adverbial?



  1. ''Solve the questions using what I have taught you.''

  2. ''He showed up wearing a suit.''

  3. ''It is doing a nice job covering up the broken chair.''

  4. ''I broke the law getting you out of jail.''

  5. ''You were torturing yourself figuring out how to tell her.''


I can understand the meaning. But I don't understand why they are used without a preposition.


Are these participial used as adverbial? Or they are catenative verb?




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