punctuation - Usage of "and" and comma when writing numbers UK style


I am trying to understand the rules for writing numbers in words under the UK rules (with "and"). I understand how to write small numbers (up to a few thousands), but I am not sure when to use "and" when the number is bigger. I tried Wikipedia, but the rules are not clear. Here are a few numbers I'm reasonably sure of:



  • 102: one hundred and two

  • 120: one hundred and twenty

  • 1002: one thousand and two

  • 1203: one thousand two hundred and three


(though I'm not sure whether I should add a comma after "thousand" in this last one).


Here are some bigger numbers. Is it okay to have multiple "and"s like this? Should some "and"s be commas instead, or just be omitted altogether?



  • 102003: one hundred and two thousand and three

  • 102304: one hundred and two thousand three hundred and four


Here are some numbers bigger than one million (I use a space to separate digits for easier reading):



  • 1 000 002: one million and two

  • 1 000 020: one million and twenty

  • 1 000 200: one million two hundred

  • 1 002 000: one million two thousand

  • 1 002 003: one million two thousand and three

  • 1 023 045: one million twenty-three thousand and forty-five

  • 1 203 450: one million two hundred and three thousand four hundred and fifty


And some bigger ones still:



  • 100 000 300 : one hundred million three hundred

  • 102 000 003 : one hundred and two million and three

  • 102 304 567 : one hundred and two million three hundred and four thousand five hundred and sixty-seven



Answer



A common rule is to write out numbers from one to nine (sometimes 10), and use numerals after that. This is also matter of style, and for example the Guardian style guide says:



Spell out from one to nine; numerals from 10 to 999,999; thereafter use m or bn for sums of money, quantities or inanimate objects in copy, eg £10m, 5bn tonnes of coal, 30m doses of vaccine; but million or billion for people or animals, eg 1 million people, 25 million rabbits, the world population is 7 billion, etc; spell trillion in full at first mention, then tn; in headlines use m, bn or tn



You should also use commas to separate the numerals into groups of three. So 1,002 rather than 1002.


But assuming you want to write any number in full, use as many ands as makes it clear, and use commas to list the separate groups of number.



  • 102: one hundred and two

  • 120: one hundred and twenty

  • 1,002: one thousand and two

  • 1,203: one thousand, two hundred and three

  • 102,003: one hundred and two thousand and three

  • 102,304: one hundred and two thousand, three hundred and four

  • 1,000,002: one million and two

  • 1,000,020: one million and twenty

  • 1,000,200: one million, two hundred

  • 1,002,000: one million, two thousand

  • 1,002,003: one million, two thousand and three

  • 1,023,045: one million, twenty-three thousand and forty-five

  • 1,203,450: one million, two hundred and three thousand, four hundred and fifty

  • 100,000,300 : one hundred million, three hundred

  • 102,000,003 : one hundred and two million and three

  • 102,304,567 : one hundred and two million, three hundred and four thousand, five hundred and sixty-seven


Although it is also common to say a instead of an initial one.



  • 102: a hundred and two


And sometimes just hundreds are used instead of numbers:



  • 2,502: twenty-five hundred and two


Years are different and have their own rules.


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