terminology - Style of technical warnings. Why is it acceptable to omit verbs?


Dear language professionals,


What are grounds for using shortish phrase "Life vest under your seat" on the warning sign on the planes.


Is it stylistically caused? If this style allows main verb omission? Or it is just an unmotivated verb omission?



Answer



It's a feature of a lot of texts exhibiting frozen style. It's a highly predictable and regular style found in newspaper headlines, signs, notices, instructions, lab reports, technical reports, legal documents, public declarations and so forth. In this kind of style in certain text-types, auxiliary verbs are regularly omitted when we can recover them from the context. So are articles and other determiners, as well as pronouns, prepositions and quantifiers. These words are highly predictable from the context and so this causes very little problem in terms of communication:



  • Mystery Objects Seen in Sky over LA.

  • (Some) Mystery Objects (have been) seen in (the) Sky over LA.


The one thing that all these types of text have in common is that they do not have a lot of space to work with.


In general, frozen style does not easily permit the omission of lexical, or main verbs. Note that although BE is the only verb in many sentences, it always functions as an auxiliary verb, and is practically always omissible in frozen style. This is because, it is argued, BE has no discernible meaning. This is also why many languages have no (everyday) verb for BE at all.


The elements of frozen style are not by any means random, and have been studied extensively in the fields of discourse analysis, pragmatics and syntax.


[However, I'm not an expert in this area, and so can't fill you in on what they found out!]


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