negation - Order of "not" with infinitive


This is one thing that keeps bugging me, and maybe there's a direct answer.


Grammatically, which one is more correct of these two? Does it make a difference?



I tried not to do that.


I tried to not do that.




Answer



As some others have said, both are correct, and it is not wrong to say



I tried to not do that.



However, that is not the full story. Searching the Corpus of Contemporary American for various phrases (not to hold vs to not hold; not to know vs to not know; not to go vs to not go) reveals that the not to form is far more common:


| Verb | Not to  | To not  | %  |
| Hold | 97            | 6             | 94 |
| Know | 1130          | 69            | 94 |
| Go   | 452           | 57            | 88 |

(Note that I didn't search for "not to [any verb]", because that also picks up certain fixed expressions such as "not to mention ..." which might distort the picture.)


So it's clear that the not to form is far more common. Furthermore, looking at the context of a sample of the to not examples, most of them appeared to be in speech (either on the radio, or quoted in a magazine), or very informal writing.


Searching the British National Corpus gives an even clearer bias - there, not to dominates by about 99%.


So in general usage, it is clear that not to is preferred by most writers.


Why is this? And when should one choose one expression or the other? Naturally this is rather subjective, so take the following explanation as my personal view on the matter, but note that it is consistent with what a lot of other people think.



  • Putting the not in between the to and its verb disrupts the expected flow, creating a slightly jarring effect - the to primes the reader/listener to expect a verb, and so it is a little surprising to find another word there.

  • While the so-called rule against "splitting infinitives" is entirely false, there are nonetheless a sizeable proportion of educated people who believe it is an absolute rule, and will be irritated (or at least, think you poorly educated/stupid) if you do. One should never let this fact scare one into writing awfully clumsy sentences to avoid such disapproval, but in cases where there is nothing to be gained by splitting the infinitive, it's a good idea not to, and that is often the case here.


So when might one want to say to not ?



  • Occasionally this can avoid ambiguity: My aim is not to kill him could either mean I'm not aiming to kill him (i.e. my aim is something other than killing him), or I'm aiming not to kill him (i.e. my aim is keeping him alive). Saying My aim is to not kill him definitely means I'm aiming not to kill him. (In this case I would personally just say I'm aiming not to kill him - but in other circumstances it might not be so easy to rephrase.)

  • As I mentioned in the first bullet point above, putting the not after the to goes against the listener's expectations. This can sometimes be used for effect, especially if you want to put particular emphasis on the not.


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