attachment ambiguity - Is "Betty learned that Albert telephoned after Isaiah visited" ambiguous?



Betty learned that Albert telephoned after Isaiah visited.



Can anybody explain whether "after Isaiah visited" tell us: (1) when Betty learned something about Albert or (2) when Albert telephoned?


Could a large pause between "Albert" and "telephoned" or after "telephoned" disambiguate the sentence in sense (1) or (2) respectively?



(1) Betty learned that Albert [... large pause ...] telephoned after Isaiah visited.


(2) Betty learned that Albert telephoned [... large pause ...] after Isaiah visited.



Also, what are the possible meanings or interpretations in written English? For example, could we conclude that:



(1) Betty learned that Albert telephoned after Isaiah visited. ["after Isaiah visited" attaches to "telephoned"]


(2) Betty learned that Albert telephoned, after Isaiah visited. ["after Isaiah visited" attaches to "learned"]





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