possessives - Why use apostrophe-s to denote possession when using 'of'


Think of the simple phrase "Bill's friend".


If you were going to turn this around using the preposition 'of' would you say:



  • A friend of Bill's or

  • A friend of Bill


It appears to me that, in the US anyway, people always say "A friend of Bill's".


Even though I'm a native American English speaker, this just sounds weird to me. It seems to create a 'double possessive' (a term I just invented). I always want to respond: "A friend of Bill's what?" A friend of Bill's aunt?


So what's at work here, and do British English speakers also do this?



Answer



As @FX_ points out, it’s called a double genitive or double possessive.


In this example, it’s not compulsory: both a friend of Bill’s and a friend of Bill are correct, although the first is probably more common. (Usage data, anyone?)


If Bill were replaced by a pronoun, however (poor Bill!), the double genitive would be required: a friend of mine is correct, but not a friend of me. (Similarly with yours vs. you, his vs. he, etc.)


Also, sometimes, this is needed to avoid ambiguity between the possessive and other uses of of: for instance, a picture of Bill’s means that he owns the picture, whereas a picture of Bill means he’s portrayed in it.


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